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WorldOfIslam.info - Malik's Muwatta Hadith
Malik's Muwatta
Book 19 - I'tikaf in Ramadan
Section: Mention of Iltikaf
Book 19, Number
19.1.1:
Yahya related to me from Malik from Ibn
Shihab from Urwa ibn az-Zubayr from Amra bint Abd ar-Rahman that A'isha, the
wife of the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said,"When the
Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, did itikaf he
would bring his head near to me and I would comb it. He would only go into the
house to relieve himself."
Book 19, Number
19.1.2:
Yahya related to me from Malik from Ibn
Shihab from Amra bint Abd ar-Rahman that when A'isha was doing itikaf she
would only ask after sick people if she was walking and not if she was
standing still.
Malik said, "A person doing itikaf should not
carry out obligations of his, nor leave the mosque for them, nor should he
help anyone. He should only leave the mosque to relieve himself. If he were
able to go out to do things for people, visiting the sick, praying over the
dead and following funeral processions would be the things with the most claim
on his coming out."
Malik said, "A person doing itikaf is not
doing itikaf until he avoids what some one doing itikaf should avoid, namely,
visiting the sick, praying over the dead, and entering houses, except to
relieve himself."
Book 19, Number
19.1.3:
Yahya related to me from Malik that he had
asked Ibn Shihab whether someone doing itikaf could go into a house to relieve
himself, and he said, "Yes, there is no harm in that."
Malik said, "The situation that we are all
agreed upon here is that there is no disapproval of anyone doing itikaf in a
mosque where jumua is held. The only reason I see for disapproving of doing
itikaf in a mosque where jumua is not held is that the man doing itikaf would
have to leave the mosque where he was doing itikaf in order to go to jumua, or
else not go there at all. If, however, he is doing itikaf in a mosque where
jumua is not held, and he does not have to go to jumua in any other mosque,
then I see no harm in him doing itikaf there, because Allah, the Blessed and
Exalted, says, 'While you are doing itikaf in mosques,' and refers to all
mosques in general, without specifying any particular kind."
Malik continued, "Accordingly, it is
permissiblefor a man to do itikaf in a mosque where jumua is not held if he
does not have to leave it to go to a mosque where jumua is held."
Malik said, "A person doing itikaf should
spend the night only in the mosque where he is doing itikaf, except if his
tent is in one of the courtyards of the mosque. I have never heard that
someone doing itikaf can put up a shelter anywhere except in the mosque itself
or in one of the courtyards of the mosque.
Part of what shows that he must spend the
night in the mosque is the saying of A'isha, 'When the Messenger of Allah, may
Allah bless him and grant him peace, was doing itikaf, he would only go into
the house to relieve himself.' Nor should he do itikaf on the roof of the
mosque or in the minaret."
Malik said, "The person who is going to do
itikaf should enter the place where he wishes to do itikaf before the sun sets
on the night when he wishes to begin his itikaf, so that he is ready to begin
the itikaf at the beginning of the night when he is going to start his itikaf.
A person doing itikaf should be occupied with his itikaf, and not turn his
attention to other things which might occupy him, such as trading or whatever.
There is no harm, however, if some one doing itikaf tells some one to do
something for him regarding his estate, or the affairs of his family, or tells
someone to sell some property of his, or something else that does not occupy
him directly. There is no harm in him arranging for someone else to do that
for him if it is a simple matter."
Malik said, "I have never heard any of the
people of knowledge mentioning any modification as far as how to do itikaf is
concerned. Itikaf is an act of ibada like the prayer, fasting, the hajj, and
such like acts, whether they are obligatory or voluntary. Anyone who begins
doing any of these acts should do them according to what has come down in the
sunna. He should not start doing anything in them that the muslims have not
done, whether it is a modification that he imposes on others, or one that he
begins doing himself. The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant
him peace, practised itikaf, and the muslims know what the sunna of itikaf
is."
Malik said, "Itikaf and jiwar are the same,
and Itikaf is the same for a village-dweller as it is for a nomad."
Section: Things Without Which Itikaf is Not
Possible
Book 19, Number
19.2.4:
Yahya related to me from Malik that he had
heard that al-Qasim ibn Muhammad and Nafi, the mawla of Abdullah ibn Umar
said, "You cannot do itikaf unless you are fasting, because of what Allah, the
Blessed and Exalted, says in His Book, 'And eat and drink until the white
thread becomes clear to you from the black thread of dawn, then complete the
fast until night-time, and do not have intercourse with them while you are
doing itikaf in mosques,' (Sura 2 ayat 187). Allah only mentions itikaf
together with fasting."
Malik said, "That is what we go by here."
Section: Leaving Itikaf for the Id
Book 19, Number
19.3.5:
Yahya related to me that Ziyad ibn Abd
ar-Rahman said, "Malik related to us from Sumayy, the mawla of Abu Bakr ibn
Abd ar-Rahman, that Abu Bakr ibn Abd ar-Rahman was once doing itikaf and he
would go out to relieve himself in a closed room under a roofed passage in
Khalid ibn Walid's house. Otherwise he did not leave his place of itikaf until
he went to pray at the Id with the muslims."
Book 19, Number
19.3.6:
Yahya related to me from Ziyad from Malik
that he saw some of the people of knowledge who, when they did itikaf in the
last ten days of Ramadan, would not go back to their families until they had
attended the Id al-Fitr with everybody.
Ziyad said that Malik said, "I heard this
from the people of excellence who have passed away, and it is what I like most
out of what I have heard about the matter."
Section: Making Up for the Itikaf (Not Done)
Book 19, Number
19.4.7:
Ziyad related to me from Malik from Ibn
Shihab from Amra bint Abd ar-Rahman from A'isha that the Messenger of Allah,
may Allah bless him and grant him peace, once wanted to do itikaf, and when he
went off to the place where he wanted to do itikaf he found some tents there,
which were A'isha's tent, Hafsa's tent, and Zaynab's tent. When he saw them he
asked about them and someone told him that they were the tents of A'isha,
Hafsa and Zaynab. The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him
peace, said, "Do you think them devout?" Then he left, and did not do itikaf
until Shawwal, when he then did it for ten days.
Book 19, Number
19.4.8:
Malik was asked whether someone who went into
a mosque to do itikaf for the last ten days of Ramadan and stayed there for a
day or two but then became ill and left the mosque, had to do itikaf for the
number of days that were left from the ten, or not, and if he did have to do
so, then what month should he do it in, and he replied, "He should make up
whatever he has to do of the itikaf when he recovers, whether in Ramadan or
otherwise. I have heard that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and
grant him peace, once wanted to do itikaf in Ramadan, but then came back
without having done so, and then when Ramadan had gone, he did itikaf for ten
days in Shawwal.
Some one who does itikaf voluntarily in
Ramadan and some one who has to do itikaf are in the same position regarding
what is halal for them and what is haram. I have not heard that the Messenger
of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, ever did itikaf other than
voluntarily."
Malik said, that if a woman did itikaf and
then menstruated during her itikaf, she went back to her house, and, when she
was pure again she returned to the mosque, at whatever time it was that she
became pure. She then continued her itikaf from where she left off. This was
the same situation as with a woman who had to fast two consecutive months, and
who menstruated and then became pure. She then continued the fast from where
she had left off and did not delay doing so.
Book 19, Number
19.4.9:
Ziyad related to me from Malik from Ibn
Shihab that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace,
used to go to relieve himself in houses.
Malik said, "Someone doing itikaf should not
leave for his parents' funeral or for anything else."
Section: Marriage in Itikaf
Book 19, Number
19.5.9a:
Malik said, "There is no harm in someone who
is in itikaf entering into a marriage contract as long as there is no physical
relationship. A woman in itikaf may also be betrothed as long as there is no
physical relationship. What is haram for someone in itikaf in relation to his
womenfolk during the day is haram for him during the night."
Yahya said that Ziyad said that Malik said,
"It is not halal for a man to have intercourse with his wife while he is in
itikaf, nor for him to take pleasure in her by kissing her, or whatever.
However, I have not heard anyone disapproving of a man, or woman, in itikaf
getting married as long as there is no physical relationship. Marriage is not
disapproved of for someone fasting."
"There is, however, a distinction between the
marriage of someone in itikaf and that of someone who is muhrim, in that some
one who is muhrim can eat, drink, visit the sick and attend funerals, but
cannot put on perfume, whilst a man or woman in itikaf can put on oil and
perfume and groom their hair, but cannot attend funerals or pray over the dead
or visit the sick. Thus their situations with regard to marriage are
different."
"This is the sunna as it has come down to us
regarding marriage for those who are muhrim, doing itikaf, or fasting.
Section: Laylat al-Qadr
Book 19, Number
19.6.10:
Yahya related to me from Malik from Yazid ibn
Abdullah ibn al-Hadi from Muhammad ibn Ibrahim al-Harith at-Taymi from Abu
Salama ibn Abd ar-Rahman that Abu Said al-Khudri said, "The Messenger of
Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, used to do itikaf in the
middle ten days of Ramadan. One year he was doing itikaf and then, when it
came to the night of the twenty-first, which was the night before the morning
when he would normally have finished his itikaf, he said, 'Whoever has done
i'tikaf with me should continue doing itikaf for the last ten days. I saw a
certain night and then I was made to forget it. I saw myself prostrating the
following morning in water and clay. Look for it in the last ten days, and
look for it on the odd days.' "
Abu Said continued, "The sky poured with rain
that night and the mosque had a roof (made of palm fronds) and the mosque was
soaked. With my own eyes I saw the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and
grant him peace, leave with traces of water and clay on his forehead and nose,
in the morning after the night of the twenty-first."
Book 19, Number
19.6.11:
Ziyad related to me from Malik from Hisham
ibn Urwa from his father that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and
grant him peace, said, "Search for Laylat al-Qadr in the last ten days of
Ramadan."
Book 19, Number
19.6.12:
Ziyad related to me from Malik from Abdullah
ibn Dinar from Abdullah ibn Umar that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless
him and grant him peace, said. "Search for Laylat al-Qadr in the last seven
days."
Book 19, Number
19.6.13:
Ziyad related to me from Malik from Abu'n
Nadr, the mawla of Umar ibn Ubaydullah, that Abdullah ibn Unays al-Juhani said
to the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, "Messenger
of Allah, I am a man whose house is a long way away. Tell me one night so that
I can stop my journey for it." The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and
grant him peace, said, "Stop on the twenty-third night of Ramadan."
Book 19, Number
19.6.14:
Ziyad related to me from Malik from Humayd
at-Tawil that 'Anas ibn Malik said, "The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless
him and grant him peace, came out to us in Ramadan and said, 'I was shown a
certain night in Ramadan and then two men abused each other and it was taken
away. Look for it on the ninth and the seventh and the fifth.' "
Book 19, Number
19.6.15:
Ziyad related to me from Malik from Nafi from
Ibn 'Umar that some of the companions of the Messenger of Allah, may Allah
bless him and grant him peace, were shown Laylat al-Qadr in their sleep during
the last seven days. The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him
peace, said, "I see that your visions agree about the last seven days, so
whoever is searching for it should do so in the last seven days."
Book 19, Number
19.6.16:
Ziyad related to me from Malik that he had
heard a man he trusted of the people of knowledge say, "The Messenger of
Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, was shown the lifespans of the
people (who had gone) before him, or what Allah willed of that, and it was as
if the lives of the people of his community had become too short for them to
be able to do as many good actions as others before them had been able to do
with their long lives, so Allah gave him Laylat al-Qadr, which is better than
a thousand months."
Book 19, Number
19.6.17:
Ziyad related to me from Malik that he had
heard that Said ibn al-Musayyab used to say, "Whoever is present at isha on
Laylat al-Qadr has taken his portion from it."
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The
Holy Quran Quotes
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“O you who believe! Be afraid of Allaah and give up what remains (due to you) from Ribaa (from now onward) if you are (really) believers”
(Al-Baqarah, 2:278)
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